南极罗斯海沉积物中可培养菌株的分离及胞外水解酶活性检测          下载免费PDF全文

王飞  丛柏林  张朝晖  杨黄浩 《极地研究》2020,32(1):68-81

研究了南极罗斯海地区沉积物中可培养微生物多样性,并检测了菌株胞外酶活性,为开发利用南极资源奠定基础。采用Zobell2216E培养基、土豆培养基(PDA)及稀释平板划线法分离并获得纯培养的细菌和真菌,分别通过16SrDNA、18S/ITS序列鉴定分析了可培养微生物的多样性和系统发育。从南极罗斯海沉积物样品中获得78株细菌和54株真菌,细菌、真菌的优势菌株分别为嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、枝孢属(Cladosporium);78株细菌菌株中有2株与模式菌株的16SrDNA基因序列相似性小于97%,可能是潜在的细菌新物种。细菌API20NE生理生化和真菌产胞外酶活性结果表明,获得的细菌和真菌大多数可检测到胞外水解酶活性。本研究丰富了南极可培养微生物资源,为南极罗斯海地区可培养微生物的多样性研究以及南极微生物资源的应用研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

China’s rural revitalization and development: Theory,technology and management     

Liu  Yansui  Zang  Yuzhu  Yang  Yuanyuan 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):1923-1942

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The urban-rural transformation from dichotomy to integration is a gradual process. Like rural areas in many countries, Chinese rural society is experiencing a...  相似文献   

西部省会城市新型城镇化水平综合测度研究          下载免费PDF全文

邹亚锋  李亚静  袁志鸿 《干旱区地理》2020,43(6):1612-1621

新型城镇化是中国经济社会健康、稳定、可持续发展的根本途径，也是消除中国城乡社会经 济“二元结构”的根本出路。根据新型城镇化的内涵，从人口、经济发展、生活质量、基础设施、资源 环境、城乡统筹 6 个方面，构建了包含 24 项指标的新型城镇化水平综合测度指标体系，运用熵值 法，对西部 11 个省会城市 2005—2015 年的城镇化发展水平进行综合测度。研究表明：西部省会城 市的新型城镇化发展水平存在显著差异，总体上可分为“高等水平”、“中等水平”、“低等水平”3 个 级别，基础设施建设是造成差异的主要驱动力。各城市不同年间的城镇化单项水平影响因素呈现 多元化，在今后的发展中应有所侧重，同时兼顾城镇化质量，推动城乡协调发展。  相似文献   

代表性人口空间分布数据集的精度评价——以2010年广东省为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林丹淳  谭敏  刘凯  柳林  朱远辉 《热带地理》2020,40(2):346-356

以人口密度差异显著的广东省为研究区,比较Worldpop、GPW v4和2种中国公里网格人口分布数据集的空间分布一致性,并以第六次全国人口普查数据为真值,按人口密度分为高、中、低3组,从误差的数值分布和空间分布两方面定量评价4种数据集的精度,最后讨论估算误差的可能来源及数据适用性。结果表明,4种网格人口数据集中Worldpop整体精度最高,且在人口密集区的精度也是最高;GPW v4在低人口密度和中人口密度区域精度略高于Worldpop,但对镇街内人口分布细节刻画不够详细;2种中国公里网格人口分布数据集精度较前两者低,主要受空间化方法和模型变量的选择所限制。Worldpop适合用于人口密度中等及人口密度高区域的精细化研究,GPW v4适合用于长时序、最小研究单元大于镇街的研究,第一种中国公里网格人口分布数据集适合用于需要考虑镇街内人口分布和空间异质性的研究,第二种中国公里网格人口分布数据集适用于需要考虑人口分布细节和空间格局变化的长时序研究。  相似文献   

中国高尔夫球场时空演变、影响因素和扩散模式     

金万富  何广静  陈乐 《热带地理》2020,40(3):515-524

利用空间分析和数理统计等方法探究了1984—2016年中国高尔夫球场数量时空演变、影响因素和扩散模式。结果表明：1）球场数量变化经历了低速增长期、稳定增长期、加速增长期和紧缩期；2）球场空间分布范围经历了扩张期和收缩期，向北、向西扩散较为明显；3）目前球场主要分布在经济发展水平较高且外向型经济突出的长三角、珠三角和环渤海地区；4）人均GDP、人口规模、区域开放程度、交通优势度、气候类型和土地资源稀缺性与球场空间分布均呈显著正相关，其中交通优势度相关系数最大；5）高尔夫球场空间扩散模式兼具接触性扩散和等级性扩散。  相似文献   

中国北极科技外交论析     

张佳佳  王晨光 《世界地理研究》2020,29(1):63-70

鉴于北极特殊的地理位置和自然环境，北极科技外交往往是各国参与北极事务的起点和实现北极利益的先导。中国也概不能外，北极科技外交对保障北极科研装备、提高北极认识水平和促进北极资源开发等都具有重要意义。回溯中国参与北极事务的历程，北极科技外交是其中的主要线索和核心内容，现已取得了一些成绩。但作为域外国家和发展中国家，中国北极科技外交还面临着缺乏顶层设计、政策和资金支持不足以及若干国际因素的掣肘。对此，中国应通过充分发挥政府的主导作用、强化和完善运行机制、扩展北极科技外交的广度和深度等加以改进。  相似文献   

中国主要经济区的近期气候变化特征评估     

张学珍  郑景云  郝志新 《地理科学进展》2020,39(10):1609-1618

论文在中国《第三次气候变化国家评估报告》基础上,根据2012年以来的最新研究成果和中国气候公报,综合评估了环渤海经济区、长江经济带、华南经济圈和东北经济区的近期气候变化特征。主要结论有：① 1961—2018年,环渤海经济区、长江经济带、华南经济圈和东北经济区的平均气温上升趋势分别达0.35 ℃/10 a、0.20 ℃/10 a、0.20 ℃/10 a和0.33 ℃/10 a;尽管在1998—2014年间这些区域均出现了增暖趋缓特征,但除东北经济区外,环渤海经济区、长江经济带和华南经济圈均在2014年之后突破了其前最暖年的年均气温记录。② 1961—2018年各经济区(圈、带)的降水趋势变化虽均低于1 mm/10 a,但其间年际和年代际波动显著;2012—2018年降水虽总体偏多,但时空差异较大,其中东北经济区2013年和长江经济带2016年降水为1961年以来最多,而辽宁2014年降水却为1961年以来最少。③ 2014—2018年,各经济区(圈、带)最高气温超历史极值或极端阈值(发生概率≤10%的分位值)的极端高温事件频发,同时环渤海和东北经济区的区域性跨季连旱和极端特大暴雨等事件的发生频率增多,长江经济带暴雨日数偏多,华南经济区受台风影响呈加重态势;长江经济带和东北经济区在增暖同时也出现了多次大范围的极端低温事件。  相似文献   

农户的非农就业如何影响中国的土地流转?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王佳月  辛良杰  王亚辉 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(3):378-400

To clarify the impact of non-agricultural employment on rural land circulation in China,we built logit models using the Chinese Household Income Project 2013 dataset,which includes 18,948 household samples over 15 provinces,126 cities and 234 counties of China in 2013.We use the proportion of non-agricultural income,the proportion of non-agricultural laborers and non-agricultural fixed operating assets to reflect the degree of the households’dependence on agriculture,the degree of the households’laborers committed to non-agricultural employment and the stability of non-agricultural employment,respectively.The results show that the stability of non-agricultural employment is an important reason for farmers to transfer out their land,and an increase in non-agricultural income is the fundamental reason.The proportion of non-agricultural assets has the greatest impact on the decision to transfer land,followed by the proportion of non-agricultural income.Per unit increase in the non-agricultural income ratio has a stronger effect on the transfer-out decision than it does on the transfer-in decision,which is a 0.09 increase of the probability of transfer-out the land and a 0.07 decrease of the probability of transfer-in the land.In terms of regional differences,when considering the impact of non-agricultural employment on the land transfer-out decision,the impacts of non-agricultural income and labor force are the greatest in the Central region.The impact of non-agricultural assets is the greatest in the Eastern region.For the Eastern region,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets and the non-agricultural labor force,and the decision to transfer in land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets.In the Central and Western regions,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural income and the non-agricultural labor force,in that order.The decision to transfer in land in the Central region is not significantly affected by non-agricultural employment.The decision to transfer in land in the Western region is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural labor force and non-agricultural income,in that order.We note that non-agricultural assets have a prominent impact on land transfer,which shows that the stability of non-agricultural employment has an important impact on land transfer decision-making.Vocational training for rural labor forces may be an effective means to promote stable non-agricultural employment and simultaneously facilitate rural land circulation,especially in Central and Western China.  相似文献   

Building national eco-cultural protection areas and the Xiangxi practice in Hunan Province     

Liu  Chunla  Wu  Liping  Xu  Mei  Zeng  Fanchao  Jiao  Lipeng 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2076-2092

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Since 2007, the Chinese government has initiated the building of national eco-cultural protection areas (NECPAs), thereby embarking on a significant...  相似文献   

Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

BAI Mengyu  ZHU Lixin  AN Lihui  PENG Guyu  LI Daoji 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):26-39

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.  相似文献